TS Inter 1st Year Commerce Previous Paper II  2024

Part I – Marks 50

SECTION A

Note: Answer ANY TWO of the following questions not exceeding 40 lines each. (2 x 10 = 20 marks)

1. What is Stock Exchange? Explain its Functions.

A Stock Exchange is a regulated market where securities, such as stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments, are bought and sold. It provides a platform where companies and governments can raise capital by issuing securities and where investors can trade these securities. Stock exchanges operate in an organized, transparent, and regulated manner to ensure fair trading.

Functions of a Stock Exchange:

  1. Providing a Platform for Buying and Selling Securities:
    • The main function of the stock exchange is to provide a marketplace for buying and selling financial assets like stocks, bonds, and derivatives. This facilitates liquidity, where investors can easily convert securities into cash or invest in new opportunities.
  2. Price Discovery:
    • Stock exchanges help in determining the price of securities through the forces of demand and supply. The price of each security is set by the buyers and sellers in the market, reflecting the fair market value based on the latest information.
  3. Capital Formation:
    • Stock exchanges enable companies to raise capital by issuing shares through Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). Investors buy these shares, providing companies with the necessary funds to expand their business operations.
  4. Liquidity and Marketability:
    • Stock exchanges provide liquidity by ensuring that there are buyers and sellers for securities, enabling investors to easily buy and sell their holdings. This enhances the marketability of securities, meaning that investors can exit or enter positions without significant delays.
  5. Investor Protection:
    • Stock exchanges implement rules and regulations to ensure that trading is fair and transparent. They protect investors from fraudulent practices by enforcing disclosure requirements, transparency, and ensuring the fair treatment of all parties involved.
  6. Regulation and Supervision:
    • Exchanges are regulated by government agencies or self-regulatory organizations (SROs) to maintain market integrity. These entities ensure that companies disclose their financial reports and that trading activities are transparent, secure, and compliant with financial regulations.
  7. Economic Indicator:
    • The performance of the stock exchange often serves as an indicator of the overall health of the economy. A rising market suggests economic growth, while a falling market may indicate economic troubles or investor concerns.
  8. Facilitation of Corporate Governance:
    • Listed companies are required to adhere to corporate governance standards. This includes regular disclosure of financial results, management practices, and corporate actions, promoting transparency and accountability.
  9. Investment Opportunities:
    • The stock exchange offers a wide variety of investment opportunities for individual investors, institutions, and foreign investors, providing avenues for diversification and wealth generation.

2. What do you understand by e-banking? Explain the Various Types of e-banking.

E-banking (electronic banking) refers to the use of the internet and other digital platforms to conduct banking transactions and access banking services. It allows customers to manage their accounts, transfer funds, pay bills, and perform other financial services without the need for physical visits to the bank. E-banking has revolutionized the banking industry by providing convenience, speed, and accessibility.

Types of E-Banking:

  1. Internet Banking (Online Banking):
    • Internet banking allows customers to access their bank accounts and perform financial transactions via the bank’s website. Services include:
      • Viewing account balances
      • Transferring money between accounts
      • Paying bills and loans
      • Setting up standing instructions or recurring payments
      • Managing investments and requesting bank statements
  2. Mobile Banking:
    • Mobile banking allows customers to perform banking operations via mobile apps on smartphones or tablets. Mobile banking offers the same services as internet banking but is optimized for use on mobile devices, offering greater flexibility and access on the go.
      • Checking account balance
      • Transferring money to other accounts
      • Paying bills and recharging mobile phones
      • Applying for loans and credit cards
  3. ATMs (Automated Teller Machines):
    • ATMs provide 24/7 access to banking services without the need for human intervention. Users can withdraw cash, deposit money, transfer funds, and even check account balances.
    • ATMs are widely used as a part of electronic banking infrastructure for quick and easy access to cash and basic banking services.
  4. Telephone Banking:
    • Telephone banking allows customers to manage their banking operations through telephone lines. Customers can call an automated system or speak to a bank representative to:
      • Check account balances
      • Transfer funds
      • Pay bills
      • Request checkbooks and stop payments
  5. Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT):
    • EFT refers to the transfer of funds between banks and financial institutions electronically. It includes services like wire transfers, direct deposits, and peer-to-peer payment systems.
    • EFT allows businesses and individuals to send or receive payments securely and instantly across various platforms.
  6. Digital Wallets (E-Wallets):
    • Digital wallets are mobile or online applications that allow users to store and manage their payment information securely. Users can use these wallets for online purchases, bill payments, and transferring money to others.
    • Examples include Apple Pay, Google Pay, PayPal, and Samsung Pay.
  7. Point of Sale (POS) Systems:
    • POS systems allow customers to make payments using credit or debit cards at physical retail locations. POS terminals also enable electronic banking services for customers to transfer money or make purchases directly using their cards.
  8. Direct Deposit:
    • Direct deposit is a form of e-banking where payments, such as salaries, pensions, or government benefits, are electronically deposited into the recipient’s bank account without the need for physical checks.

3. Explain the Principles of Management.

The Principles of Management are fundamental guidelines that provide a framework for managing and leading organizations. These principles help managers make informed decisions, establish strategies, and effectively lead teams. The following are widely recognized principles of management:

  1. Division of Work:
    • This principle states that work should be divided into smaller tasks and assigned to individuals based on their skills and expertise. This increases productivity and efficiency by ensuring that employees specialize in specific tasks.
  2. Authority and Responsibility:
    • This principle emphasizes the need for a balance between authority (the power to make decisions) and responsibility (the duty to complete tasks). A manager must have the right authority to give orders and expect employees to fulfill their responsibilities.
  3. Discipline:
    • Discipline in an organization ensures that rules and regulations are followed, and employees behave appropriately in the workplace. Proper discipline fosters a positive and productive work environment.
  4. Unity of Command:
    • This principle states that each employee should receive orders and directions from only one superior to avoid confusion and conflicting instructions. This helps maintain clarity in the hierarchical structure of the organization.
  5. Unity of Direction:
    • The principle of unity of direction asserts that the efforts of all employees should be directed toward achieving common goals. The organization must have a unified plan that aligns the work of all individuals toward the same objectives.
  6. Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest:
    • The principle highlights that the organization’s collective goals should take precedence over individual interests. Employees should prioritize the success of the organization over personal gain.
  7. Remuneration:
    • The principle of remuneration focuses on fairly compensating employees for their work. Proper wages and benefits ensure that employees are motivated and satisfied, leading to higher productivity.
  8. Centralization and Decentralization:
    • This principle refers to the extent to which decision-making authority is concentrated or dispersed within an organization. In centralized organizations, top management makes key decisions, while in decentralized organizations, lower-level managers are given more autonomy.
  9. Scalar Chain:
    • The scalar chain principle advocates for a clear chain of command within an organization, with each employee understanding their position and the reporting structure. Communication should flow smoothly from the top to the bottom.
  10. Order:
    • The order principle emphasizes the need for an organized environment in which resources (people, materials, equipment) are properly arranged to ensure efficiency and avoid confusion.
  11. Equity:
    • The principle of equity stresses fairness in the treatment of employees. Managers should show kindness and justice in their dealings with employees to build trust and loyalty.
  12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel:
    • This principle suggests that organizations should aim for a stable workforce. High employee turnover is disruptive and costly, so retaining skilled employees is vital for organizational success.
  13. Initiative:
    • The principle of initiative encourages employees to take initiative and contribute new ideas for improvement. When employees feel empowered to innovate, they are more engaged and motivated to achieve organizational goals.
  14. Esprit de Corps (Team Spirit):
    • This principle emphasizes the importance of teamwork and harmony within an organization. Promoting a collaborative work culture helps foster morale and productivity.

SECTION B

Note: Answer ANY FOUR of the following questions not exceeding 20 lines each.

4. Distinguish between Home Trade and Foreign Trade.

Answer:

Home Trade Foreign Trade
Home trade refers to the exchange of goods and services within the domestic borders of a country. Foreign trade involves the exchange of goods and services between different countries.
It deals with transactions that occur within a country’s own market. It includes imports and exports across international borders.
The currency used in home trade is the local currency of the country. Foreign trade deals with foreign currencies and exchange rates.
It involves fewer regulations and restrictions compared to foreign trade. Foreign trade is governed by international trade laws, tariffs, and customs regulations.
The transportation and logistics are simpler, as the goods don’t have to cross international borders. International transportation and customs procedures are more complex in foreign trade.

5. What are the thrust areas of Investment identified by the Government of Telangana?

Answer:

The Government of Telangana has identified several thrust areas for investment to boost economic growth and development. These include:

  1. Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITeS): Promoting tech-based industries and innovation hubs.
  2. Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology: Establishing a strong foundation for the pharmaceutical and biotech industries.
  3. Renewable Energy: Fostering investment in solar, wind, and other renewable energy sectors.
  4. Aerospace and Defense: Encouraging investment in aerospace technology and defense manufacturing.
  5. Food Processing and Agro-based Industries: Focusing on agri-business and processing to create value-added products.
  6. Textile and Apparel Industry: Promoting textile manufacturing to support exports and job creation.
  7. Infrastructure Development: Investments in roads, transportation, and urban infrastructure.

6. Explain the functions of entrepreneurs.

Answer:

The key functions of entrepreneurs include:

  1. Innovation: Entrepreneurs introduce new ideas, products, and services to meet market needs.
  2. Risk-taking: Entrepreneurs assume financial and operational risks while setting up and running businesses.
  3. Organizing Resources: They organize and allocate resources such as capital, labor, and materials effectively to run their business.
  4. Decision Making: Entrepreneurs are responsible for making key decisions regarding business operations, strategies, and goals.
  5. Management: They manage day-to-day operations, ensure productivity, and solve business-related problems.
  6. Marketing and Sales: Entrepreneurs create marketing strategies to promote their products or services and build customer relationships.
  7. Financial Management: They handle financial aspects such as budgeting, accounting, and raising capital for the business.
  8. Leadership: Entrepreneurs provide leadership to inspire and guide their employees toward achieving business goals.

7. State the features of Insurance.

Answer:

The key features of insurance include:

  1. Risk Transfer: Insurance allows individuals or businesses to transfer the financial risks of certain events to the insurance company.
  2. Premium Payment: Policyholders pay a premium in exchange for coverage against potential losses.
  3. Insurable Interest: There must be a financial interest in the property or life being insured.
  4. Indemnity: Insurance compensates for financial losses to restore the insured party to their original financial position.
  5. Uncertainty: Insurance covers events that are uncertain, such as accidents, theft, or natural disasters.
  6. Pooling of Risks: The risk of individual policyholders is pooled together, allowing for the distribution of financial burden across a large number of policyholders.
  7. Subrogation: This allows the insurer to recover the loss amount from a third party if they are liable for the loss.
  8. Principle of Utmost Good Faith: Both parties, the insurer and the insured, must disclose all material facts honestly.

8. Explain any five principles of directing.

Answer:

The five key principles of directing are:

  1. Unity of Command: An employee should receive orders from only one superior to avoid confusion and conflicting instructions.
  2. Directing by Exception: Managers should focus on solving problems that deviate from standard procedures, while allowing routine activities to proceed without interference.
  3. Effective Communication: Clear, open, and timely communication is essential for directing, ensuring that instructions and feedback are understood by all employees.
  4. Motivation: Leaders must motivate employees to perform at their best through rewards, recognition, and opportunities for growth.
  5. Leadership: Strong leadership provides guidance, direction, and inspiration, helping to align the efforts of employees with organizational goals.

9. What are the differences between Primary Market and Secondary Market?

Answer:

Primary Market Secondary Market
The primary market is where new securities are issued and sold for the first time (Initial Public Offerings or IPOs). The secondary market is where existing securities (stocks, bonds, etc.) are bought and sold between investors.
In the primary market, funds go directly to the issuing company. In the secondary market, transactions occur between investors, and no direct funds go to the issuing company.
It helps companies raise capital for business expansion or projects. It provides liquidity to investors, allowing them to buy or sell securities.
Primary market transactions are typically facilitated by investment banks or brokers. Secondary market transactions are usually facilitated by stock exchanges or over-the-counter markets.
Prices in the primary market are set by the issuer of the securities. In the secondary market, prices are determined by market forces (supply and demand).

SECTION – C

Note: Answer ANY FIVE of the following questions not exceeding 5 lines each:

 

10. What is Rights issue?

A rights issue is a way for companies to raise capital by offering new shares to existing shareholders at a discounted price, in proportion to their current holdings. This gives shareholders the right, but not the obligation, to buy additional shares before they are offered to the public.

11. What is A.T.M.?

ATM (Automated Teller Machine) is an electronic banking device that allows customers to perform financial transactions such as withdrawals, deposits, and account inquiries without the need for a bank teller. It operates 24/7 and provides convenience to customers.

12. Who is the Drone Entrepreneur?

A drone entrepreneur is an individual who starts and runs a business that involves using drones for commercial purposes. This can include sectors such as aerial photography, surveying, delivery services, agriculture, and infrastructure inspection.

13. Write about the Bridge Loans.

Bridge loans are short-term financing options used to cover the gap between the time when funds are needed and when long-term financing is available. They are typically used in real estate transactions or to meet immediate financial needs before securing permanent funding.

14. Who are Cheap Jacks?

Cheap Jacks are entrepreneurs or business owners who sell goods at low prices, often cutting costs to make products more affordable. This term sometimes has a negative connotation, referring to individuals who engage in unscrupulous or low-quality sales tactics.

15. What do you mean by Multiple Shops?

Multiple shops are retail stores that operate under the same brand or ownership, typically located in different areas. They offer standardized products or services at competitive prices, aiming to benefit from economies of scale and attract a broader customer base.

16. What is Letter of Credit?

A Letter of Credit (L/C) is a financial document issued by a bank that guarantees payment to a seller, provided the seller meets the conditions specified in the document. It is commonly used in international trade to reduce the risk of non-payment for goods or services.

17. Define Staffing.

Staffing is the process of recruiting, selecting, training, and managing employees to fill positions within an organization. It ensures that the right people with the right skills are in place to achieve the organization’s goals and maintain smooth operations.

Part II

Marks – 50

SECTION – D

Answer the following question:

18. Mohan and Vikram are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2 respectively. Their Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2019 was as under:

Liabilities Amount (Rs.) Assets Amount (Rs.)
Creditors 30,000 Cash 20,000
Bills Payable 20,000 Bills Receivable 6,000
General Reserve 40,000 Debtors 35,000
Capital: Stock 24,000
– Mohan 80,000 Machinery 45,000
– Vikram 60,000 Furniture 20,000
Land 80,000
Total 2,30,000 Total 2,30,000

On the Admission of Suman (for ¼ share in future profit), the following conditions are given:

  • Suman should bring Rs.50,000 towards capital and Rs.25,000 towards goodwill in cash.
  • Land to be valued at Rs.20,000.
  • Stock to be valued at Rs.20,000.
  • Bad debts provision: 10% on debtors.
  • Machinery to be depreciated by 10%.

Answer:

  1. Goodwill Adjustment:
    • Total goodwill = Rs.25,000.
    • Mohan’s share = Rs.15,000, Vikram’s share = Rs.10,000.
    • Goodwill is credited to Suman’s capital account.
  2. Revaluation of Assets:
    • Land: Reduced to Rs.20,000 (loss of Rs.60,000).
    • Stock: Reduced to Rs.20,000 (loss of Rs.4,000).
    • Bad Debts Provision: 10% of Rs.35,000 = Rs.3,500.
    • Machinery: Depreciated by 10% = Rs.4,500.
  3. Capital Accounts:
    • Mohan’s Capital: Adjusted for goodwill, revaluation, and provisions.
    • Vikram’s Capital: Adjusted similarly.
  4. Revised Balance Sheet:
Liabilities Amount (Rs.) Assets Amount (Rs.)
Creditors 30,000 Cash 20,000
Bills Payable 20,000 Bills Receivable 6,000
General Reserve 40,000 Debtors (after bad debts provision) 31,500
Capital: Stock (after revaluation) 20,000
– Mohan Adjusted amount Machinery (after depreciation) 40,500
– Vikram Adjusted amount Furniture 20,000
– Suman 50,000 Land (after revaluation) 20,000
Total 2,30,000 Total 2,30,000

SECTION – E

19. Raju of Warangal consigned goods worth Rs.60,000/- to Venu of
Hyderabad. Raju paid cartage and other expenses Rs.4,000/-. Venu
sent the account sales with the following information :
(a) 50% of goods sold for Rs.42,000/-
(b) Venu incurred expenses Rs.1,200/-
(c) Venu entitled to receive commission 10% on sales.
Bank draft was enclosed for balance.
Prepare the necessary Ledger Accounts in the books of Raju 

Answer

1. Consignment Account

Date Particulars Amount (Rs.) Amount (Rs.)
(Goods Sent) To Goods (Inventory) 60,000
(Expenses) To Bank (Cartage, etc.) 4,000
(Sales) By Venu (Sales Value) 42,000
(Expenses) By Venu (Expenses) 1,200
(Commission) By Venu (Commission) 4,200
(Balance) By Bank Draft (Balance) 32,600
  • Commission = 10% of Rs.42,000 = Rs.4,200.
  • Total Sales Value = Rs.42,000 (50% sold), so total consignment value = Rs.84,000.
  • Balance Due = Rs.84,000 – (Rs.60,000 + Rs.4,000 + Rs.1,200 + Rs.4,200) = Rs.32,600.

2. Venu’s Account

Date Particulars Amount (Rs.) Amount (Rs.)
(Consignment) By Consignment Account 42,000
(Expenses) To Consignment Account 1,200
(Commission) To Consignment Account 4,200
(Balance) To Bank Draft 32,600

3. Raju’s Bank Account

Date Particulars Amount (Rs.) Amount (Rs.)
(Consignment) By Consignment Account 32,600
(Expenses) To Consignment Account 4,000

20. From the following Receipts and Payments Account prepare the Income and
Expenditure Account of Karimnagar Cricket Club for the year ending
31-03-2019.
Receipts and Payments A/c
Dr. Cr

Receipts Amount (Rs.) Payments Amount (Rs.)
To Balance b/d 10,000 By Buildings 50,000
To Subscriptions 30,000 By Furniture 13,000
To Life membership fee 3,000 By Sports material 5,000
To Donations 40,000 By Expenditure on sports 7,000
To Income on sports 20,000 By Newspapers 1,500
To Sundry receipts 5,000 By Salaries 8,000
To Sale of old newspapers 500 By Balance c/d 24,000
Total 1,08,500 Total 1,08,500

Adjustments:

  • Capitalise 50% of Donations and Life Membership Fee.
  • Outstanding subscriptions Rs.4,000/-.
  • Provide depreciation on sports material 10%.
  • Outstanding salaries Rs.2,000/-.

Answer

Income and Expenditure Account for the year ending 31st March, 2019:

Income Amount (Rs.) Expenditure Amount (Rs.)
To Subscriptions (adjusted) 26,000 By Salaries (adjusted) 9,000
To Life Membership Fee (adjusted) 1,500 By Depreciation on sports material 500
To Donations (adjusted) 20,000 By Expenditure on sports 7,000
To Income on Sports 20,000 By Newspapers 1,500
To Sale of Old Newspapers 500 Total 18,000
Total 67,000 Total 67,000

Explanation of Adjustments:

  1. Capitalise 50% of Donations and Life Membership Fee:
    • Life Membership Fee = Rs.3,000 → 50% = Rs.1,500 (capitalised).
    • Donations = Rs.40,000 → 50% = Rs.20,000 (capitalised).

    Hence, Income for the year includes:

    • Subscriptions: Rs.30,000 – Outstanding Rs.4,000 = Rs.26,000.
    • Life Membership Fee: Rs.3,000 – Rs.1,500 capitalised = Rs.1,500.
    • Donations: Rs.40,000 – Rs.20,000 capitalised = Rs.20,000.
  2. Outstanding Subscriptions:
    Add Rs.4,000 to subscriptions (received in advance for next year).
  3. Depreciation on Sports Material (10%):
    Sports Material: Rs.5,000 → Depreciation = Rs.500.
  4. Outstanding Salaries:
    Add Rs.2,000 to salaries (outstanding for the current year).

SECTION – F

Answer ANY TWO of the following questions :

21. Differences Between Receipts and Payments Account and Income and Expenditure Account:

Receipts and Payments Account Income and Expenditure Account
1. It is a summary of cash transactions. 1. It is a summary of accrual transactions (revenue and expenses).
2. It records only cash receipts and payments. 2. It records both cash and non-cash transactions.
3. It is a real account. 3. It is a nominal account.
4. It includes capital receipts and payments. 4. It includes only revenue receipts and payments.
5. It does not follow the matching principle. 5. It follows the matching principle (revenue earned in the period matched with expenses).

22. Machinery Account (for Depreciation and Sale of Machine)

Given:

  • Cost of machine = Rs. 50,000
  • Depreciation = 10% per annum (Fixed Instalment Method)
  • Date of purchase = 1st April, 2015
  • Date of sale = 31st March, 2019
  • Sale Price = Rs. 25,000

Depreciation Calculation: Depreciation per year = 50,000 × 10% = Rs. 5,000 Since the machine was purchased on 1st April 2015 and sold on 31st March 2019, depreciation is to be calculated for four years (2015-2019).

Depreciation for 4 years:

  • 2015-16: Rs. 5,000
  • 2016-17: Rs. 5,000
  • 2017-18: Rs. 5,000
  • 2018-19: Rs. 5,000

Total Depreciation = Rs. 5,000 × 4 = Rs. 20,000

Book Value at the end of 31st March 2019 = Rs. 50,000 – Rs. 20,000 = Rs. 30,000

Journal Entry for Sale:

  • Dr. Bank/Cash Rs. 25,000
  • Dr. Accumulated Depreciation Rs. 20,000
  • Cr. Machinery Rs. 50,000
  • Cr. Gain on Sale of Machine Rs. 5,000 (Balancing figure)

Machinery Account:

Date Particulars Debit (Rs.) Credit (Rs.)
1/4/2015 To Bank 50,000
31/3/2016 By Depreciation 5,000
31/3/2017 By Depreciation 5,000
31/3/2018 By Depreciation 5,000
31/3/2019 By Depreciation 5,000
31/3/2019 By Bank 25,000
31/3/2019 By Profit on Sale of Machine 5,000

23. Prepare Receipts & Payments account from the following particulars.
2021 Rs.
Jan – 1 Cash in hand —– 5,000
Cash in bank —– 8,000
Machinery —– 12,000
Subscriptions for the year —– 5,000
Stationery —– 500
Salaries —– 2,000
Rent Paid —– 1,500
Entrance Fees —– 1,200
Entertainment expenses —– 700
Donations —– 1,000

Particulars Rs.
Receipts
Cash in Hand (1st Jan) 5,000
Cash in Bank (1st Jan) 8,000
Subscriptions for the year 5,000
Entrance Fees 1,200
Donations 1,000
Total Receipts 20,200
Payments
Stationery 500
Salaries 2,000
Rent Paid 1,500
Entertainment Expenses 700
Machinery 12,000
Total Payments 16,700
Closing Balance 3,500

24. Advantages of Computerised Accounting:

  1. Speed and Accuracy: Computerized accounting systems process transactions much faster and with fewer errors than manual systems.
  2. Real-time Reporting: Financial data is updated instantly, allowing for real-time reporting.
  3. Efficiency: It reduces the time spent on manual entry, and automatically generates reports and statements.
  4. Improved Security: With password protection and data encryption, computerized systems are more secure than manual records.
  5. Cost-effective: Although there’s an initial cost, over time computerized accounting saves money by reducing the need for physical record-keeping and minimizing errors.

Section G

25. Define Depreciation:

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the cost of a fixed asset over its useful life. It represents the wear and tear, obsolescence, or decline in the value of an asset.

26. What is Invoice Price?

Invoice price is the price listed on an invoice, which typically includes the cost of goods or services sold, along with applicable taxes and any discounts provided.

27. What is Del-credere Commission?

Del-credere commission is a type of commission where an agent guarantees the collection of receivables from the customer. If the customer defaults, the agent bears the loss.

28. What is Deferred Revenue Expenditure?

Deferred revenue expenditure refers to costs that are incurred in one accounting period but are allocated as expenses over multiple future periods, such as heavy advertising costs.

29. A and B are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 1:2. They agreed to admit C for a 1/5 share of profits. Calculate the new profit-sharing ratio.

Original ratio of A and B = 1:2
C’s share = 1/5

Remaining share after C’s admission = 1 – 1/5 = 4/5

A’s new share = (1/3 of 4/5) = 4/15
B’s new share = (2/3 of 4/5) = 8/15

So, the new ratio is:
A : B : C = 4/15 : 8/15 : 1/5 = 4:8:3

30. What is Goodwill?

Goodwill is an intangible asset that represents the excess value paid for a business over and above its net tangible assets. It reflects the reputation, brand, and customer relationships of the business.

31. What is the Feature of Scalability?

Scalability refers to the ability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work or its potential to be enlarged to accommodate that growth.

32. What is Password?

A password is a secret string of characters used to authenticate a user’s identity and secure access to a system, account, or device.