CBSE Class 12 –Physical Education Question Paper 2022

SECTION A

1. “Asanas can be used as preventive measures.” Comment.

  • Answer:
    Yes, asanas (yoga postures) can be used as preventive measures for many health issues. Regular practice of asanas promotes physical flexibility, improves posture, enhances blood circulation, and reduces stress. By incorporating asanas into a daily routine, one can prevent ailments like back pain, joint issues, high blood pressure, and stress-related disorders. For example, poses like Tadasana (Mountain Pose) can improve posture and balance, while Savasana (Corpse Pose) can help in reducing stress. This holistic approach helps maintain overall health and well-being, making asanas an effective preventive tool.

2. What is active and passive flexibility?

  • Answer:

    • Active Flexibility refers to the ability to stretch a muscle using the strength of the muscle itself. In other words, the individual uses their own muscles to hold a position without relying on external assistance. For example, lifting the leg up and holding it with the muscles of the leg (without using hands) demonstrates active flexibility.

    • Passive Flexibility refers to the ability to hold a position with the help of an external force or without using the strength of the muscle. This may involve using a wall, partner, or gravity to assist in holding a stretch. For example, holding your leg up with the help of your hands is a passive flexibility exercise.

3. “Extrinsic motivation sometimes may kill intrinsic motivation.” Justify.

  • Answer:
    Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation driven by external rewards such as money, trophies, or praise. While it can encourage short-term behavior, it can sometimes undermine intrinsic motivation—the internal drive or enjoyment that comes from performing an activity for its own sake. For example, if a child is consistently rewarded with money for good grades, they might begin to view studying as a means to earn rewards rather than as something they enjoy or value. This shift in focus can diminish their intrinsic desire to learn and engage with the subject for personal satisfaction. Therefore, relying solely on extrinsic motivation can harm long-term intrinsic motivation.

4. Define disability and list down any two types of disability.

  • Answer:
    Disability is a condition that impairs a person’s ability to perform certain physical, mental, or sensory tasks, which limits their capacity to interact with their environment. Disabilities may be temporary or permanent and can vary in severity.

    • Two types of disability:
      1. Physical Disability: This includes conditions like paralysis, limb loss, or muscle weakness, which affect a person’s ability to move, walk, or perform physical tasks.
      2. Sensory Disability: This includes conditions like blindness or hearing impairment, which limit the senses of sight or hearing.

5. Describe any 2 objectives of first aid.

  • Answer:

    1. Preserving Life: The primary objective of first aid is to prevent further harm and to help save lives by providing immediate assistance to an injured or ill person until professional medical help arrives.

    2. Preventing the Condition from Worsening: First aid aims to prevent the worsening of the medical condition by providing proper care, such as controlling bleeding, performing CPR, or stabilizing the injured person until medical professionals take over.

6. Elucidate any 2 types of coordinative ability with a suitable example.

  • Answer:

    1. Balance: This is the ability to maintain control of the body while stationary or in motion. For example, a gymnast performing on a balance beam requires excellent balance to avoid falling and maintain control while executing movements.

    2. Reaction Time: This refers to the ability to respond quickly to stimuli. For example, a sprinter in a race must have quick reaction time to the starting gun, as a delay in response can affect their performance.

7. What are the symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

  • Answer: The symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can vary widely in terms of severity and manifestation, but typically include:

    1. Social Communication Challenges: Individuals with ASD may struggle with understanding social cues, maintaining conversations, and forming relationships. They may have difficulty understanding non-verbal communication, such as facial expressions or body language.

    2. Repetitive Behaviors: Individuals may engage in repetitive movements or behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or repetitive speech.

    3. Difficulty with Change: People with ASD may have rigid routines and become distressed if their environment or daily schedule changes.

    4. Narrow Interests: Many individuals with ASD may intensely focus on specific topics or activities, often at the exclusion of other interests or subjects.

    5. Sensory Sensitivities: Individuals may be overly sensitive or under-sensitive to sensory stimuli, such as lights, sounds, textures, or smells.

8. Explain any 2 physiological factors that help in determining endurance.

  • Answer: Two important physiological factors that help in determining endurance are:

    1. Cardiovascular Fitness: The efficiency of the heart and blood vessels in supplying oxygen to the muscles is a key determinant of endurance. A well-trained cardiovascular system allows an individual to sustain physical activity for longer durations without fatigue.

    2. Muscular Endurance: This refers to the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to perform repeated contractions over an extended period without tiring. The greater the muscular endurance, the longer a person can engage in activities such as running, swimming, or cycling.

9. Enlist any 4 causes of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD).

  • Answer: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by a pattern of defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior towards authority figures. Four causes of ODD include:

    1. Genetic Factors: A family history of behavioral or mood disorders may increase the risk of a child developing ODD. There may be inherited traits that make a child more predisposed to defiant behavior.

    2. Environmental Stressors: Exposure to family conflict, parental separation, or inconsistent discipline can contribute to the development of ODD in children.

    3. Neurological Factors: Abnormalities in brain function or structure, especially in areas related to impulse control and emotional regulation, may contribute to the development of ODD.

    4. Parenting Styles: Harsh, neglectful, or inconsistent parenting practices can influence the development of oppositional behaviors in children. Lack of proper discipline or over-reliance on authoritarian methods may exacerbate the condition.

SECTION B

10. Define aggression. Discuss any 2 types of aggression.

  • Answer: Aggression is a form of behavior that is intended to harm or assert control over others. It can be verbal, physical, or emotional, and can arise from frustration, anger, or other emotional triggers. Aggression can be directed toward people, objects, or situations.

    Two types of aggression:

    1. Physical Aggression: This involves using physical force to harm or threaten someone. For example, hitting, pushing, or kicking someone is considered physical aggression.

    2. Verbal Aggression: This involves using words or language to threaten, belittle, or cause emotional harm to others. For example, yelling at someone, name-calling, or using derogatory language can be classified as verbal aggression.

11. What do you mean by disability etiquettes? List down any 4 disability etiquettes while communicating with a person with special needs.

  • Answer: Disability etiquette refers to the respectful and considerate way of interacting with individuals with disabilities. It involves understanding their unique needs and communication styles while maintaining dignity and respect.

    Four disability etiquettes while communicating with a person with special needs:

    1. Use Person-First Language: Address the person before the disability. For example, say “person with a disability” instead of “disabled person.”

    2. Speak Directly to the Person: When communicating with someone who has a disability, always speak directly to them rather than through a companion or interpreter.

    3. Offer Help, Don’t Assume: If you see a person with a disability who may need assistance, offer help but don’t assume they need it. Respect their response and preferences.

    4. Be Patient and Understanding: Some individuals with disabilities may need extra time to respond or may have difficulty expressing themselves. Be patient and allow them the time they need without rushing them.

12. Draw diagram and explain the management of any 2 types of bone injury.

  • Answer: Since I cannot draw diagrams directly, I will describe the types of bone injuries and their management.

    Two types of bone injuries and their management:

    1. Fracture (Broken Bone):

      • Management:
        • Immobilization: Use a splint or cast to immobilize the broken bone.
        • Pain Management: Administer pain relief medication.
        • Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, surgery may be needed to align the bones and secure them with pins or plates.
        • Rehabilitation: After healing, physical therapy is often necessary to regain strength and movement.

    2. Dislocation:

      • Management:
        • Reduction: A healthcare professional will attempt to gently reposition the dislocated bone back into its proper place.
        • Immobilization: Once the joint is realigned, it will be immobilized using a splint or brace.
        • Pain Relief: Painkillers are often given to manage pain during and after the procedure.
        • Rehabilitation: Exercises may be recommended to restore movement and prevent further dislocations.

13. Write the benefits and contraindications of Matsyasana.

  • Answer: Matsyasana (Fish Pose) is a yoga pose that provides multiple benefits for the body and mind.

    Benefits of Matsyasana:

    1. Opens the Chest: Helps in stretching and expanding the chest, improving lung capacity and breathing.
    2. Improves Posture: Strengthens the back and shoulders, contributing to better spinal alignment and posture.
    3. Reduces Tension: Relieves tension in the neck and throat areas, which can help reduce stress and anxiety.
    4. Stimulates Organs: It stimulates the digestive organs, promoting better digestion and overall gut health.

    Contraindications:

    1. Neck Issues: Individuals with neck injuries or problems should avoid this pose, as it requires a deep arch in the neck.
    2. Spinal Issues: People with back injuries, especially those involving the lower back, should avoid Matsyasana, as it can put strain on the spine.
    3. Heart Conditions: Those with heart conditions should avoid deep backbends, as it can put additional pressure on the heart.

14. Differentiate between Isometric and Isotonic exercise with suitable examples.

  • Answer: Isometric Exercise:

    • Definition: Isometric exercises involve muscle contractions without any visible movement of the joint. The muscle remains static.
    • Example: Plank position, wall sit.
    • Benefit: Helps build strength and endurance in the muscles without putting stress on the joints.

    Isotonic Exercise:

    • Definition: Isotonic exercises involve muscle contractions that result in movement of the joint. The muscle changes length during the exercise.
    • Example: Squats, bicep curls.
    • Benefit: Increases muscle strength and flexibility while also improving joint mobility.

SECTION C

15. What are the personality traits according to the Big Five theory? (4 x 1 = 4)

The Big Five theory, also known as the Five Factor Model, identifies five broad dimensions of personality:

  1. Openness to Experience: This trait describes how open-minded, imaginative, and curious an individual is. People high in openness tend to be creative and enjoy exploring new ideas.
  2. Conscientiousness: This trait reflects how disciplined, organized, and goal-oriented a person is. Those high in conscientiousness are often reliable and efficient.
  3. Extraversion: Extraverted individuals are outgoing, social, and energetic. They enjoy being around others and are often talkative and enthusiastic.
  4. Agreeableness: This trait refers to the extent to which a person is cooperative, compassionate, and considerate towards others. High agreeableness is associated with kindness and empathy.
  5. Neuroticism: This trait involves emotional stability. People high in neuroticism may experience more frequent mood swings, anxiety, and emotional reactions.

16. Discuss in detail 2 long-term and 2 short-term effects of exercise on the cardio-respiratory system. (2 + 2)

  • Short-term Effects:

    1. Increased Heart Rate: During exercise, the heart rate increases to meet the body’s higher oxygen demand, providing more blood to the muscles.
    2. Improved Breathing Efficiency: The respiratory rate increases, and the body becomes more efficient at exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs.

  • Long-term Effects:

    1. Improved Cardiovascular Efficiency: Over time, regular exercise leads to a stronger heart, allowing it to pump more blood per beat (higher stroke volume). This reduces the heart’s workload.
    2. Enhanced Lung Capacity: Consistent aerobic exercise increases lung capacity and improves the efficiency of the respiratory system, enabling better oxygen uptake during physical activity.

17. Define Endurance and discuss the methods of endurance development. (1 + 3)

  • Endurance Definition: Endurance is the ability of an individual to sustain physical activity or exertion over a prolonged period. It is commonly associated with cardiovascular and muscular endurance.

  • Methods of Endurance Development:

    1. Continuous Training: This involves performing moderate to high-intensity exercise (such as jogging or cycling) for a long duration, which improves both aerobic capacity and stamina.
    2. Interval Training: This involves alternating between periods of high-intensity exercise and low-intensity recovery. This method boosts endurance by challenging both the cardiovascular and muscular systems.
    3. Fartlek Training: A form of interval training where the intensity is varied based on the terrain, often used in running. It helps improve endurance while mimicking real-world conditions.

18. What is Obesity? Draw stick diagrams of any two asanas recommended to control obesity and explain their procedure. (1 + 1.5 x 2)

  • Obesity Definition: Obesity is a condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, which can negatively affect health. It is commonly measured using Body Mass Index (BMI), where a BMI of 30 or above is considered obese.

  • Asanas to Control Obesity:

    1. Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose):
      • Procedure:
        • Lie flat on your stomach with palms placed on the ground under the shoulders.
        • Press your legs and tops of your feet into the ground.
        • Inhale and slowly lift your chest off the ground, arching your back.
        • Keep your elbows bent and hold for 15–30 seconds before lowering back down.
      • Benefits:
        • Strengthens the back and arms.
        • Stimulates the abdominal organs, improving digestion.
    2. Paschimottanasana (Seated Forward Bend):
      • Procedure:
        • Sit with your legs extended straight in front of you and feet flexed.
        • Inhale and lengthen your spine, then exhale and fold forward, bringing your chest toward your thighs.
        • Hold your feet or ankles and keep the legs straight.
      • Benefits:
        • Stretches the hamstrings and spine.
        • Stimulates the abdominal region, aiding in weight loss.

For Visually Impaired Candidates:

Briefly explain the procedure of any 1 yoga asana for managing Obesity along with its benefits and contraindications. (2+1+1)

  • Yoga Asana: Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose)

    • Procedure:

      • Start by lying on your stomach with your legs extended and feet together.
      • Place your palms on the floor beneath your shoulders.
      • Inhale and slowly lift your chest off the ground, using your back muscles, and arch your spine.
      • Keep your elbows slightly bent and look upward.
      • Hold the position for 15–30 seconds and breathe deeply, then gently release the pose.

    • Benefits:

      • Strengthens the spine, shoulders, and arms.
      • Improves digestion and reduces belly fat.

    • Contraindications:

      • Avoid this pose if you have lower back issues or recent abdominal surgery.